Switzerland: CERN, A Peak Below Ground at the ATLAS and CMS Detectors

The ATLAS detector. (Photo credit CERN https://home.cern/resources/image/experiments/atlas-images-gallery)

Located on the outskirts of Geneva Switzerland is the headquarters for the European Organization for Nuclear Research.  The organization is more commonly known as CERN, derived from the French “Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire”.

France: Le Centre Historique Minier de Lewarde and Charleville-Mézières

Charleville-Mézières was rainy and dark when we arrived.

In the extreme north of France is the UNESCO World Heritage-designated Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin.  Installed on the World Heritage list in 2012, it joins the numerous other industrial sites honored by UNESCO. 

Belgium: Tournai

Tournai’s Grand Place with its UNESCO World Heritage designated cathedral peaking over the buildings at the left and its UNESCO bell tower and the end of the plaza.

As a rule we try to avoid short stops as we travel.  They can be unavoidably unsatisfying.  But sometimes a short stop is inevitable, as it was when we stopped overnight in Tournai Belgium on our way south to France.  Inevitably we didn’t acquire even a skin-deep understanding of the place or even a full appreciation of its aesthetics.  But we did appreciate a good meal and an attractive commune, enough so that we could pencil Tournai in for a return visit.

The Netherlands: Rotterdam, Van Nelle Factory

The Van Nellefabriek or the Van Nelle Factory

Along the banks of a canal in the Spaanse Polder industrial zone northwest of Rotterdam is the Van Nelle Factory.  This unique complex of buildings was completed in 1931.  Until 1996 the factory processed coffee, tea, tobacco, cigarettes, and more.  The factory’s food processing days are over now and the building currently houses a wide variety of companies and co-working space.

The Netherlands: Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elshout and the Beemster Polder

Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elshout

In and near the Dutch village of Kinderdijk is a group of 19 historic windmills.  Built in 1738 and 1740 to remove water from a polder, an area of reclaimed land, it is the largest concentration of old windmills in the Netherlands.  Even today some of these windmills are used to keep the area dry, though two diesel-powered pumps now move most of the water.

The Netherlands: Afsluitdijk

The North Sea at the left and the Southern Sea at the right

Afsluitdijk, which I gather translates from Dutch unromantically as “Enclosure Dam”, is a massive 20-mile long dike in the north of the Netherlands.  This Depression-era project was finished in 1932.  The dike is 300 feet wide and extends 24 feet above sea level.  Built in water with an average depth of 18 feet it required nearly 1.3 billion cubic feet of construction material to complete.  That’s the rough equivalent of 40 million dump truck loads. 

The Netherlands: Ir.D.F. Woudagemaal (D.F. Wouda Steam Pumping Station)

Boilers

The Netherlands is a flat and low country.  Half of the country is less than one meter above sea level.  Indeed nearly 17% of Holland is below sea level, a feat enabled by the heroic land reclamation efforts that began in the 16th century.   Today the Dutch feet are kept dry by an extensive system of dikes and pumps that serve as a barrier to the waters of the North Sea.  It is one of the most sophisticated anti-flood systems in the world.

Europe: Stolpersteine

Demnig’s Stolpersteine or “Stumbling Stones” in Bremen

The German artist Gunter Demnig initiated the Stolpersteine or “Stumbling Stones” project in 1992.  Demnig’s project commemorates the victims of the Nazis by placing 4” by 4” concrete cubes each topped with a brass memorial plaque in the pavement throughout Europe.  Each plaque is engraved with the name of a holocaust victim and is installed at the last place of residency or work that was freely chosen by the named person.  The stones are a reminder that a human being at this location was taken by the Nazis and lost their life.

Germany: Bremen, a Paternoster

The staircase at the entrance of the Cotton Exchange in Bremen: The paternoster is to the right.

On a walking tour in Hamburg we were told that there is a paternoster inside of one of the buildings we passed.  From the guide’s description a paternoster sounded like some sort of perverse combination of an elevator, an escalator, and a guillotine whose intended function was to move people between floors of a building or sever bodies in half.  We weren’t sure.  It was the weekend, so we couldn’t go in and see the paternoster during the tour, but concept was so intriguing that we were sure to hunt one down at the next opportunity.

Germany: Bremen

Details of the façade of Bremen’s old town hall

Located on the estuary of the Weser River in northwestern Germany is the port city of Bremen.  Bremen is roughly 60 miles from Hamburg and 90 miles from Lübeck, both of which are to the north and east of the city.  Population-wise, modern Bremen is less than a third the size of Hamburg and more than twice the size of Lübeck.